Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction – What You Need to Know
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) is a common condition that affects about one in 10 Australian adults. It is caused by a problem with the joints that connect the jawbone with the skull. Symptoms range from mild discomfort or clicking to complete locking of the jaw.
Here, we will explore the causes of TMD, how the condition is diagnosed, treatment options and what can be done to prevent it.
What is TMD?
The temporomandibular joint is a highly complex joint that operates in different ways as you chew, speak, yawn, swallow, and even smile or frown. There is one temporomandibular joint on each side of the face, and they are located just in front of the ears. TMD is a general phrase that describes problems or disorders with the joint, the muscles around it or a combination of both. In contrast, TMJ refers to the temporomandibular joint itself.
TMD might be caused by several factors, including impact injury, stress-related habits like grinding and clenching teeth, or wear and tear on the joint. It can also manifest as a consequence of other medical conditions, including osteoarthritis, gout, fibromyalgia or rheumatoid arthritis.
Symptoms of TMD
There are several signs of TMD, including pain, discomfort and abnormal sounds while operating the joint. People with TMD typically experience a combination of the following symptoms:
- Jaw pain or discomfort, especially while eating or yawning
- A clicking sound when opening the mouth
- Earache, or pain just in front of the ear
- An uneven bite
- Neck or shoulder pain
- Headache, with pain concentrated in the temples, below the eyes or near the jaw
- Locking of the jaw so that the mouth feels “stuck” open or closed
Note that most people with TMD will experience some but not all of the above symptoms, depending on the nature and severity of the TMD.
How The Dentist Diagnoses TMD?
Your dentist will discuss your symptoms, which provide the most significant clues when diagnosing TMD. To confirm the diagnosis, it might also be necessary to take X-rays and, in some cases, arrange for other checks such as a CT scan or MRI scan.
What To Do if You Have Symptoms of TMD
Anyone experiencing TMD symptoms should book an appointment with a doctor or dentist without delay. Understanding the cause is key to effective treatment and will also dictate whether a doctor, dentist, physiotherapist, or psychologist can best treat TMD.
Treating TMD
In the vast majority of cases, TMD can be treated without surgery or any invasive procedures. Your doctor or dentist will advise you on any necessary actions, exercises or lifestyle changes that will help, and these depend on the root cause of the problem. They might include one or more of the following:
- Resting the temporomandibular joint as much as possible
- Eating soft food until the symptoms ease off
- Avoiding certain habits, such as chewing gum, clenching teeth or smoking
- Using relaxation techniques or jaw-strengthening exercises
- Wearing a splint during the day and/or night to prevent clenching or grinding
- Taking pain medication to manage short-term symptoms
Surgery for TMD is usually unnecessary. It is only explored as a last resort in the most severe cases.
Preventing TMD
Just as simple actions can relieve the symptoms of TMD, you can also take positive action to prevent it. These include actively managing your stress, following good oral hygiene practices and working to eliminate harmful habits such as smoking or grinding teeth.
Potential Complications of having TMD
TMD is usually relatively easy to remedy once the root cause is identified. But anyone with symptoms must take action. Left untreated, TMD can lead to headaches, hearing difficulties, insomnia and anxiety. These can harm overall health and leave you exposed to yet more difficulties ranging from hypertension to cardiovascular problems.
It is important to get medical advice for TMD without delay to prevent a relatively simple problem from spiralling out of control.
Schedule an Appointment Today
We offer same-day visits and late opening hours that work around your schedule. Do you pain in your jaw or mouth when biting? It is now time to see the dentist for suitable medical assistance. We’re providers with Medibank, HCF and MDF. You can claim your health fund rebate on the spot with our HICAPS machine.
* Any invasive or surgical procedure may carry risks. Before moving forward, it is recommended that you seek a second opinion from an appropriately licensed medical professional.
Common FAQs in Relation to TMD
Is TMD a Lifelong Problem?
Left untreated, TMD can affect people for years. However, proper diagnosis and treatment can usually avoid this, so it is important to seek advice from a dentist or doctor.
Does TMD go Away on its Own?
Sometimes, the symptoms are short-term and clear up on their own. It depends on what has caused them, so it is always best to get jaw pain or other TMD symptoms checked out.
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At What Point Might I Need Surgery for TMD?
Surgery for temporomandibular joint dysfunction is not usually necessary. It can typically be treated by adopting a few lifestyle changes and jaw exercises. Surgery is only considered as a last resort in very severe cases
What is The Most Common Cause of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction?
There are several possible causes of TMD. The most common is a strain on the jaw joint or muscles, which is usually a result of bruxism. Other common causes include trauma and other medical conditions such as osteoarthritis.
Can a Dentist Help with Jaw Pain?
Yes, a dentist can help identify the root cause of the pain and, depending on the circumstances, will either recommend a treatment plan or refer you to another specialist, such as a doctor or physiotherapist.